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Computer Communications: Bus Network
Computer Communications: Bus Network Computer Communications: Bus Network Bus Network, in computer science, a topology (configuration) for a local area network in which all nodes are connected to a main communications line (bus). On a bus network, each node monitors activity on the line. Messages are detected by all nodes but are accepted only by the node(s) to which they are addressed. Because a bus network relies on a common data “highway,” a malfunctioning node simply ceases to communicate; it doesn't disrupt operation as it might on a ring network, in which messages are passed from one node to the next. To avoid collisions that occur when two or more nodes try to use the line at the same time, bus networks commonly rely on collision detection or Token Passing to regulate traffic.Star NetworkStar Network, in computer science, a local area network in which each device (node) is connected to a central computer in a star-shaped configuration (topology); commonly, a network consisting of a central computer (the hub) surrounded by terminals. In a star network, messages pass directly from a node to the central computer, which handles any further routing (as to another node) that might be necessary. A star network is reliable in the sense that a node can fail without affecting any other node on the network. Its weakness, however, is that failure of the central computer results in a shutdown of the entire network. And because each node is individually wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.Ring networkRing Network, in computer science, a local area network in which devices (nodes) are connected in a closed loop, or ring. Messages in a ring network pass in one direction, from node to node. As a message travels around the ring, each node examines the destination address attached to the message. If the address is the same as the address assigned to the node, the node accepts the message; otherwise, it regenerates the signal and passes the message along to the next node in the circle. Such regeneration allows a ring network to cover larger distances than star and bus networks. It can also be designed to bypass any malfunctioning or failed node. Because of the closed loop, however, new nodes can be difficult to add. A ring network is diagrammed below.Asynchrous Transfer ModeATM is a new networking technology standard for high-speed, high-capacity voice, data, text andvideo transmission that will soon transform the way businesses and all types of organizationscommunicate. It will enable the management of information, integration of systems andcommunications between individuals in ways that, to some extent, haven't even been conceived yet. ATM can transmit more than 10 million cells per second,resulting in higher capacity, faster delivery and greater reliability. ATM simplifies information transfer and exchange by compartmentalizing information into uniformsegments called cells. These cells allow any type of information--from voice to video--to betransmitted over almost any type of digitized communications medium (fiber optics, copper wire,cable). This simplification can eliminate the need for redundant local and wide area networks anderadicate the bottlenecks that plague current networking systems. Eventually, global standardizationwill enable information to move from country to country, at least as fast as it now moves from officeto office, in many cases faster.Fiber Distributed Data Interface. The Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) modules from Bay Networks are designed forhigh-performance, high-availability connectivity in support of internetwork topologies that include: Campus or building backbone networks for lower speed LANs Interconnection of mainframes or minicomputers to peripherals LAN interconnection for workstations requiring high-performance networking FDDI is a 100-Mbps token-passing LAN that uses highly reliable fiber-optic media and performsautomatic fault recovery through dual counter-rotating rings. A primary ring supports normal datatransfer while a secondary ring allows for automat...This is ONLY a preview of the article. If you would like to view the entire document, you must subscribe to Electronic References. Please register below now! Get This Full Article After Registration
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